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DEPED PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

EDUCATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS-PI-Definition and Formulas EDUCATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS DEFINITION AND FORMULA Prepared by: Education Management Information System Division Planning Service as of April 24, 2018 Page 1 1. GROSS ENROLMENT RATE (GER) This indicator measures the general level of participation in, and the capacity of each level of the education system: Kindergarten, Elementary (Grades 1-6), Junior High School (Grades 7- 10) and Senior High School (Grades 11-12). It is the total enrolment for a particular education level, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school- age population of that particular education level in a given school-year. The GER can also be used together with the NER to measure the extent of over-aged and under-aged enrolment. 2. NET ENROLMENT RATE (NER) OR PARTICIPATION RATE The indicator provides a more precise measurement of the extent of participation in a particular level of education of children belonging to the o...
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Checkers / Dama: Background and How to Play

 

Checkers / Dama: Background and How to Play

Background and History of Checkers / Dama

Checkers, also known as Dama in the Philippines, is a classic strategy board game with origins tracing back over 5,000 years to ancient Egypt. The modern game evolved in Europe during the 12th century and has become a global favorite.

Checkers/Dama is simple to learn but offers strategic depth, making it a popular game for children, adults, and families.

Objective of Checkers / Dama

The goal is to capture all of your opponent’s pieces or block them so they cannot move. The game is about strategy, planning, and anticipating your opponent’s moves.

Checkers / Dama Game Components

  • Board – 8x8 checkered board (alternating light and dark squares).

  • Pieces – Each player has 12 pieces, usually distinguished by color.

  • Promotion to Kings – Pieces reaching the opponent’s last row become Kings, gaining extra movement abilities.

How to Play Checkers / Dama

1. Setup

  • Place 12 pieces on each side, occupying the first three rows of dark squares closest to each player.

  • Decide who goes first.

2. Basic Moves

  • Pieces move diagonally forward to an empty square.

  • Capturing is done by jumping over an opponent’s piece into an empty square immediately beyond.

  • Multiple captures are allowed in a single turn if possible.

3. Kings

  • When a piece reaches the opponent’s back row, it is crowned as a King.

  • Kings can move diagonally forward and backward, increasing strategic options.

4. Ending the Game

  • The game ends when a player captures all opponent pieces or blocks all possible moves.

  • The player who eliminates all the opponent’s pieces or traps them wins.

Tips for Beginners

  • Control the center of the board to maximize movement options.

  • Protect your back row to prevent early promotion of opponent pieces.

  • Plan moves several turns ahead to set up multiple captures.

  • Use Kings strategically for offense and defense.

Why Checkers / Dama Is Fun and Educational

  • Improves strategic thinking and planning

  • Enhances pattern recognition and foresight

  • Simple rules make it suitable for all ages

  • Can be played in casual or tournament settings

  • Portable and inexpensive, perfect for home or travel play

💡 Pro Tip: Checkers/Dama can also be played online or via apps, making it accessible for practice or casual play anytime.

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