DEPED PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

EDUCATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS-PI-Definition and Formulas

EDUCATION

PERFORMANCE

INDICATORS

DEFINITION AND FORMULA

Prepared by:

Education Management Information System Division

Planning Service

as of April 24, 2018

Page 1

1. GROSS ENROLMENT RATE (GER)

This indicator measures the general level of participation in, and the capacity of each level of

the education system: Kindergarten, Elementary (Grades 1-6), Junior High School (Grades 7-

10) and Senior High School (Grades 11-12). It is the total enrolment for a particular

education level, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-

age population of that particular education level in a given school-year. The GER can also be

used together with the NER to measure the extent of over-aged and under-aged enrolment.

2. NET ENROLMENT RATE (NER) OR PARTICIPATION RATE

The indicator provides a more precise measurement of the extent of participation in a particular level of education of children belonging to the official primary school age. It is the enrolment in a particular education level of the official school age-group expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population.

APPARENT/GROSS INTAKE RATE (GIR)

The Apparent Intake Rate reflects the general level of access to elementary education. It also indicates the capacity of the education system to provide access to Kindergarten for the official school-entrance age population. It is used as a substitute for Net Intake Rate in the absence of data on new entrants by single years of age.

4. NET INTAKE RATE (NIR)

This indicator gives a more precise measurement of access to elementary education of the eligible, elementary school-entrance age population than the Apparent Intake Rate.

5. COHORT SURVIVAL RATE OR SURVIVAL RATE TO GRADE 6/12

The Cohort Survival Rate computes the percentage of a cohort of pupils/students who are able to reach Grade 6/12. It is used to assess the internal efficiency and “wastage” in education. This indicator is vulnerable to migration and caution should be used in computing at the school level.

There are two methods in deriving this indicator. Below is the conventional or the old formula:

The Department adopted the reconstructed cohort method, which requires the following

data:

 Enrolment for 2 consecutive SYs (Current & Previous)

 Repeaters in the Current SY

 Graduates in the Previous SY

In calculating the Cohort Survival Rate, the following are the steps:

Step 1. Compute the Promotion and Repetition Rates for a particular area.

Step 2 & 3. Compute the number of promotees up to grade 6 using the promotion rates for the respective grade levels. Compute the number of pupils/students in grade 1/7 who repeat once, twice, up to 6 times.

Step 4. Add the repeaters in the previous grade level who were promoted with the pupils in the current grade level who repeated.

Step 5-7. Calculate the total for each grade level to obtain the pupil-years. Multiply the pupil-years with the respective promotion rate to get the total promotees (including repeaters). Calculate the reconstructed cohort survival rate for each grade level by dividing the Total Promotees Gr X-1 (including repeaters) with the original cohort of 1000.

6. COMPLETION RATE

The Completion Rate measures the percentage of grade 1/7 entrants who graduate in elementary/secondary education. It is available only up to the division level and above. Similar to CSR, the Completion Rate can be derived using the old and the reconstructed method for computing the internal efficiency indicators. Below is the old formula:

For the Completion Rate, the Department also adopted the Reconstructed Method as discussed in the Cohort Survival Rate.

7. COEFFICIENT OF EFFICIENCY

This indicator measures the internal efficiency of the education system. It evaluates the

impact of repetition and dropout on the efficiency of the educational process in producing

graduates. It is calculated using the Pupil-Years and the Total Promotees (including

repeaters) used in calculating the Reconstructed Cohort Survival Rate.

8. YEARS INPUT PER GRADUATE

The indicator assesses the number of years it takes for an average pupil/student to graduate

from the elementary/secondary level. It is calculated using the Pupil-Years and the Total

Promotees/Graduates (including repeaters) used in calculating the Reconstructed Cohort

Survival Rate.

9. PROMOTION/GRADUATION RATE

The Promotion Rate assesses the extent of pupils/students who are promoted to the next

grade level. The grade 6/12 promotion rate is the graduation rate for the

elementary/secondary level. The computation used in the BEIS is slightly different from the

UNESCO formula using the reconstructed method since it utilizes the reported number of

promotees rather than computing for the promotees using the present enrolment and the

previous school year enrolment.

10. REPETITION RATE

This is an EFA indicator which determines the magnitude of pupils/students who repeat a

grade level.

11. SCHOOL LEAVER RATE OR DROPOUT RATE

School Leaver Rate is the EFA measure for dropout rate. It covers both pupils/students who

do not finish a particular grade/year level as well as those who finish but fail to enroll in the

next grade/year level the following school year. It is theoretically more comprehensive than

Simple Dropout Rate but becomes unreliable in areas with substantial migration. Care

should be exercised in using this indicator at the level of the Division, Municipal and

Legislative Districts. The system does not allow use of School Leaver Rate at the school level

where it is very likely to result in a misleading measure of dropout rate.

12. SIMPLE DROPOUT RATE

The Simple Dropout Rate calculates the percentage of pupils/students who do not finish a

particular grade/year level. It does not capture pupils/students who finish a grade/year

level but do not enroll in the next grade/year level the following school year.

13. TRANSITION RATE

The indicator assesses the extent by which pupils are able to move to the next higher level of

education (i.e. primary to intermediate and elementary to secondary). It indicates the degree

of access to the next higher level, measuring the upward mobility in the educational

hierarchy. Care should be exercised in using this indicator at the level of the Division,

Municipal and Legislative Districts where migration can increase or reduce the results of the

indicator. It is not calculated at the school level for this reason.

14. RETENTION RATE

The Retention Rate determines the degree of pupils/students in a particular school year who

continue to be in school in the succeeding year. This indicator is also vulnerable to migration

and is not advisable to compute at the school level.

15. PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO

It is the average number of pupils/students per teacher at a specific level of education in a

given school-year. A high teacher pupil-ratio suggests that each teacher has to be

responsible for a large number of pupils. In other words, the higher the pupil-teacher ratio,

the lower is the relative access of pupils to teachers.

On the other hand, a low number of pupils per teacher indicate pupils will have a better

chance of contact with the teachers and hence a better teaching-learning process.

16. PUPIL-CLASSROOM RATIO

This refers to the average number of learners per classroom in the elementary or secondary

education in a given school-year.

17. PUPIL-SEAT RATIO

This indicator is the average number of learners per seat (armchair/desk) in the elementary

or secondary education in a given school-year.

18. INTER-QUARTILE RATIO (IQR)

This is a more precise quantitative measure of disparities in the distribution of the available

teachers which can be calculated at various levels. It is used to monitor the status and

progress of the distribution of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools. It

measures the proportion of a limited resource (in this case, teachers) available to the most-

favored quartile of a recipient group (in this case, students) compared to the proportion

available to the least-favored quartile.

19. GENDER-PARITY INDEX (GPI)

It is calculated as the ratio of the selected indicator value for girls divided by the indicator

value for boys. A value of less than one indicates a difference in favor of boys; a value above

one indicates a difference in favor of girls. A value close to 1 (one) indicates gender parity.

For gender parity to GPI should be in the range of 0.97 and 1.03.